1) William James contributed which of the following to our understanding of consciousness?
A) |
The idea that the mind and the body are two different things that interact with each other in the brain. |
B) |
That consciousness/thought is made up of combinations of simple physical sensations |
C) |
The idea of a stream of consciousness that flows from thought to thought and sensation to sensation to sensation. |
D) |
The idea that consciousness has several levels, some of which are subconscious. |
2) The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called:
A) |
alpha waves. |
B) |
paradoxical sleep. |
C) |
sleep spindles. |
D) |
delta waves. |
3) Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep?
A) |
narcolepsy |
B) |
sleep apnea |
C) |
night terror |
D) |
insomnia |
4) Exposure to bright light causes the ________ gland to ________ the production of melatonin.
A) |
thyroid; increase |
B) |
thyroid; decrease |
C) |
pineal; increase |
D) |
pineal; decrease |
5) Which of the following is one of the methods available for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
A) |
phototherapy |
B) |
melatonin supplements |
C) |
antidepressants |
D) |
both a and b |
E) |
both a and c |
6) Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that:
A) |
very few people can actually be hypnotized. |
B) |
people who are most easily hypnotized usually have difficulty paying attention to their own personal thoughts and feelings. |
C) |
how well a person responds to hypnotic suggestion depends primarily on the skill and experience of the hypnotist. |
D) |
people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have rich fantasy lives. |
7) The combined effect of certain drugs can be much greater than the sum of the effects of each one alone. Such an effect is said to be:
a. |
additive |
b. |
polymorphous |
c. |
multiplicative |
d. |
synergistic |
8) Which of the following does not belong with the others?
a. |
alcohol |
b. |
cocaine |
c. |
nicotine |
d. |
amphetamines |
9) Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that:
A) |
the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning. |
B) |
what is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved in that same mood. |
C) |
information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten. |
D) |
our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited. |
10) In order to remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates:
A) |
iconic memory. |
B) |
semantic encoding. |
C) |
automatic processing. |
D) |
the serial position effect. |
11) Which of the following is an example of automatic processing?
a. Repeating a phone number over and over again until you have a chance to dial the number.
b. Studying for this test.
c. Recalling the number of times you saw the same commercial during a show.
d. Learning how to drive a car.
12) A sensory memory:
a. usually lasts for about 30 seconds
b. can be maintained by rehearsal
c. is usually stored acoustically
d. gives you additional time to try to recognize a stimulus
13) In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
a. structural
b. semantic
c. phonemic
d. chunking
14) With rehearsal, STM may continue for some time. Without rehearsal, the duration of STM appears to be:
a. less than a second
b. 10 - 30 seconds
c. several minutes
d. up to an hour
15) General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned is contained in __________ memory.
a. episodic
b. semantic
c. implicit
d. procedural